Glossary · Physiology & Health
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport – an often invisible risk with far-reaching consequences
RED-S describes a state in which the body has less energy available over an extended period than it needs for training, daily life, and basic bodily functions. This can result from insufficient food intake relative to energy expenditure – often unintentionally, for example when training increases significantly without a corresponding adjustment in nutrition.
Dance combines high physical energy expenditure with an aesthetic ideal that, in many styles – particularly classical ballet – is associated with thinness. This makes dancers a group at elevated risk for RED-S, regardless of gender. Unlike the classic understanding of "eating disorders," RED-S can also affect people without conscious calorie restriction – for example when training volume and energy intake simply don't match up. Possible consequences range from reduced performance to increased injury risk, particularly stress fractures, to hormonal changes such as menstrual cycle disruptions.
Because RED-S develops gradually and is often recognized late, raising awareness is a central concern of CENIT e.V.'s prevention work. Possible indicators include persistent fatigue despite adequate sleep, frequent minor injuries, absent or irregular menstruation, or a feeling of being unable to perform at the usual level in training. Such signs should be taken seriously and assessed by a professional, rather than dismissed as a "normal" part of training life.
This entry serves to convey knowledge in a prevention context and is not a substitute for medical or therapeutic advice. For persistent or recurring symptoms, we recommend consulting professionals experienced in dance medicine – for example through ta.med's referral network or the resources provided by IADMS.
Mountjoy M, Ackerman KE, Bailey DM et al. 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(17):1073–1097. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994
